The dorsal medial nucleus (DM) of the thalamus and the ventral lateral nuclei (VL) are two major centers gating inputs to respective cortices: prefrontal & premotor cortex. The out puts of the basal ganglia, including the subthalamic nuclei, are passed to the the dorsal thalamus for gating to the cortex.

• The dorsal medial nucleus (DM) of the thalamus and the ventral lateral nuclei (VL) are two major centers gating inputs to respective cortices: prefrontal & premotor cortex. The out puts of the basal ganglia, including the subthalamic nuclei, are passed to the the dorsal thalamus for gating to the cortex.