Descending projections form supraspinal control over spinal and cranial nerve motoneuronal reflexes.

• Descending projections form supraspinal control over spinal and cranial nerve motoneuronal reflexes.

• The spinal cord motor system is innervated locally by reflex connections from the brainstem and the cerebral cortex.

• Monosynaptic DRG’s and lateral vestibulospinal pathways go directly to motoneurons.

• Some pathways are excitatory; others are inhibitory but the action is dependent on the type of interneurons and its connections.

• Descending pathways end on fascilitory and dys-fascilitory interneurons.

• Most descending pathways In the cord are crossed from brainstem and cortical sources.